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عنوان مقاله :
The-new-public-corruption-Old-questions-for-new-challenges
خلاصه مقاله :
This paper focuses on corruption in public procurement. It describes the contemporary face of corruption by investigating the role of public accountability in the fight against corruption. The paper describes a specific episode of corruption relative to the awarding of government contracts for big events, such as the celebration of the 150th anniversary of Italian unification. Relying on the philosophical insights of Rousseau, Popper, Kant and others, the study suggests the need for enabling a democratic control and constructing a public ethics for the common good.
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عنوان مقاله :
US-political-corruption-and-firm-financial-policies
خلاصه مقاله :
Using US Department of Justice data on local political corruption, I find that firms in more corrupt areas hold less cash and have greater leverage than firms in less corrupt areas. The results are robust to including a range of controls and to using an instrumental variable approach, two alternative survey measures of corruption, and propensity score matching. Further, the association between corruption and leverage is largest among firms that operate primarily around their headquarters. Overall, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that firms manage liquidity downward and debt obligations upward to limit expropriation by corrupt local officials.
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عنوان مقاله :
The-effect-of-local-corruption-on-ownership-strategy-in-cross-border-mergers-and-acquisitions
خلاصه مقاله :
This paper focuses on how corruption affects an important internationalization behavior of firms: the extent of control – wholly owned subsidiary or equity participation – exercised by firms involved in cross-border mergers and acquisitions.
We analyze individual data on cross-border M&A carried out by firms located in the seven largest European countries, and operating in the 10 SIC divisions. We thus consider 20,034 international M&A deals completed in 137 host countries over the period 2000–2012.
We find that the relationship between the level of corruption in the host country and the firm's probability of opting for full control mode in cross-border M&A is U-shaped. Moreover, we add to the literature by demonstrating that industry relatedness between acquirer and target and the level of connectivity between home and host countries moderates the relationship between corruption in the host country and the level of control.
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عنوان مقاله :
Corruption-as-a-source-of-e-Government-projects-failure-in-developing-countries-A-theoretical-exposition
خلاصه مقاله :
While the literature has touted e-Government as a tool for combating corruption, no study has discussed so far how corruption could influence e-Government project failure. This article tries to fill part of this void in past research by proposing a contextual framework that highlights the role corruption plays in stimulating the failure of e-Government projects in developing countries. Informed by prior relevant literature on general systems, organizational information processing, corruption, as well as e-Government, the proposed framework argues that the prevalence of corruption in developing economies could restrict moral and governance capabilities of administrative systems overseeing e-Governments in a way that could lead to the failure of these entities to produce initiatives that meet stakeholders' expectations. This theoretical study discusses this idea and underscores the value of the suggested framework for guiding scientific inquiries into this important topic and helping the public officials interested in planning, managing, and auditing e-Government initiatives.
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عنوان مقاله :
Examining-the-economic-growth-and-the-middle-income-trap-from-the-perspective-of-the-middle-class
خلاصه مقاله:
In recent decades, while some countries have been growing consistently, others were not able to keep high growth rates and got stuck in the “middle-income trap.” This study aims to explore the relationship between the middle class and the persistence of economic growth, and understand the role of the middle class in avoiding the middle-income trap which is a serious threat for many emerging markets, yet an understudied topic in the academic literature. Our findings suggest that the key growth factors including the middle class, innovation, productivity, and foreign direct investment have diminishing marginal effect on economic growth. Moreover, the middle class plays an important role in avoiding the middle-income trap. We also find regional differences in the middle-class growth and economic evolution of emerging markets over time. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the relationships between the middle class, economic growth, and the middle-income trap.
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عنوان مقاله :
Institutional-factors-opportunity-entrepreneurship-and-economic-growth-Panel-data-evidence
خلاصه مقاله:
This paper explores the institutional factors that encourage opportunity entrepreneurship in order to achieve higher rates of economic growth. We suggest that institutions may not have an automatic effect, as is typically assumed in growth models. Rather, a mechanism is required to serve as a conduit into the society for those institutional factors that affect productive behavior such as entrepreneurial activity. Thus, opportunity entrepreneurship is identified as one such mechanism that impacts on economic growth. Using a three-stage least-square method through unbalanced panel data with 43 countries (2004–2012), we find that informal institutions have a higher impact on opportunity entrepreneurship than formal institutions. Variables such as control of corruption, confidence in one's skills and private coverage to obtain credit promote a positive effect of opportunity entrepreneurship on economic growth in all the countries of our sample, and especially in Latin American countries as a homogeneous group. These results suggest additional elements to the theoretical discussion in terms of the importance of institutions as framework to understand determinants and effects of opportunity entrepreneurship. Regarding policy implications, the results also suggest that it could be possible to obtain economic growth encouraging the appropriate institutions in order to increase the entrepreneurship by opportunity.
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عنوان مقاله :
Government-Spending-Corruption-and-Economic-Growth
خلاصه مقاله :
There is considerable debate over the effects of both corruption and government spending on growth, but few studies have considered how the interaction between them might affect economic growth. This paper provides a contribution to the debate, starting wiGth an endogenous growth model and extending it to account for the effects of corruption on components of government spending, namely military and investment spending. It then illustrates the non-negligible indirect effects of corruption on military spending and government investment expenditure using model simulations. The resulting model is then estimated on a comprehensive panel of 106 countries and the results show that the interactions between corruption and investment and corruption and military spending have strong negative impacts on economic growth. The results also indicate important complementarities between corruption and military spending, suggesting that combating corruption will not only have direct positive effects, but is also likely to have positive indirect effects, through reducing the size of the negative impact of the military burden. They are also found to be robust across different measures of corruption, levels of economic development and groupings of countries. This suggests that policies to reduce corruption, combined with those to reduce military burdens, such as regional security agreements, would have a considerable impact on economic growth.
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عنوان مقاله :
Is-corruption-bad-for-economic-growth-Evidence-from-Asia-Pacific-countries
خلاصه مقاله :
This study utilizes the bootstrap panel Granger causality approach, which incorporates both cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity across countries, to investigate whether corruption negatively impacts economic growth in thirteen Asia-Pacific countries over the 1997–2013 period. The empirical results show that there is a significantly positive causality running from corruption to economic growth in South Korea, a significantly positive causality running from economic growth to corruption in China and no significant causality between corruption and economic growth for the remaining countries. According to the empirical results, we do not support the common perception that corruption is bad for economic growth for all thirteen Asia-Pacific. On the contrary, results of this study suggest that the “grease the wheels” hypothesis is supported for South Korea. Additionally, results of this study indicate that for most Asia-Pacific countries, policy makers’ use of anti-corruption policies to promote a country's economic development may not be effective. Finally, results of this study also suggest that for China, increase in economic growth leads to an increase in corruption.
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عنوان مقاله :
Gramsci-s-activists-How-local-civil-society-is-shaped-by-the-anti-corruption-industry-political-society-and-translocal-encounters
خلاصه مقاله :
The rise of the international anti-corruption industry over the past two decades has led to questions about how this industry impacts local civil society organizations in developing countries. For some academics the rise of the anti-corruption industry has led to more meaningful local responses, for others it has helped reinforce apolitical and neoliberal-inspired solutions. This article suggests that these debates would benefit from more nuanced and multi-scalar analysis. Drawing on in depth interviews, media analysis, grey materials and academic and practitioner literature, this article focuses on a group of anti-corruption activists in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The article compares a group of activists called the Coalition to its more radical predecessors, a local non-governmental organization by the name of Melanesian Solidarity. It uses a Gramscian framework to argue that responses to corruption in PNG have not simply been shaped by the anti-corruption industry. Rather they have been shaped by: the incentives and capacity of political society, international discourse on corruption and the nature of ‘translocal encounters’. These findings show that much of the academic literature on the anti-corruption industry has fallen into a ‘transnational trap’, by overemphasizing transnational linkages between organizations working to address corruption. Approaching the study of local anti-corruption movements with a focus on the complexity of scale, as this paper does, has important implications for theorizing responses to corruption in developing countries.
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عنوان مقاله :
The-role-of-corruption-and-unethical-behaviour-in-precluding-the-placement-of-industry-sponsored-clinical-trials-in-sub-Saharan-Africa-Stakeholder-views.pdf
خلاصه مقاله:
Clinical trials still represent the gold standard in testing the safety and efficacy of new and existing treatments. However, developing regions including sub-Saharan Africa remain underrepresented in pharmaceutical industry sponsored trials for a number of reasons including fear of corruption and unethical behaviour. This fear exists both on the part of pharmaceutical companies, and investigators carrying out research in the region. The objective of this research was to understand the ethical considerations associated with the conduct of pharmaceutical industry sponsored clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa.
Corruption was identified as a significant issue by a number of stakeholders who participated in semi-structured interviews and completed questionnaires. Additionally, fear of being perceived as corrupt or unethical even when conducting ethically sound research was raised as a concern. Thus corruption, whether actual or perceived, is one of a number of issues which have precluded the placement of a greater number of pharmaceutical sponsored clinical trials in this region.
More discussion around corruption with all relevant stakeholders is required in order for progress to be made and to enable greater involvement of sub-Saharan African countries in the conduct of industry sponsored clinical trials.
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عنوان مقاله :
To-bid-or-not-to-bid-That-is-the-question-Public-procurement-project-complexity-and-corruption.pdf
خلاصه مقاله :
The main aim of this study is to improve our comprehension of the role played by project complexity and institutional quality as possible drivers of the choice between open auctions and negotiations in a sample of Italian municipalities. Controlling for project characteristics, for observed and unobserved heterogeneity at municipality level, our main results suggest that projects that are more complex are more likely to be procured with negotiated procedures. On average, a rise in the project complexity index from the 25th to the 75th percentile of its distribution increases the probability of procuring the project with a negotiated procedure by about 6%–8%. However, our results also suggest that the impact of complexity might be more relevant in the case of projects procured by municipalities located in provinces characterized by low levels of corruption. Moreover, we also find that complex projects are associated to longer delays in their execution, larger rebates and to higher probabilities to be awarded to local firms.
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عنوان مقاله :
Corruption-capital-account-liberalization-and-economic-growth-Theory-and-evidence.pdf
خلاصه مقاله :
We investigate, both theoretically and empirically, how the negative effect of government corruption on economic growth is magnified or reduced by capital account liberalization. Our model shows that highly corrupt countries impose higher tax rates than do less corrupt countries, thereby magnifying the negative impact of government corruption on economic growth in highly corrupt countries and reducing the impact in less corrupt countries if capital account liberalization is enacted. Empirical evidence obtained from an analysis of panel data collected from 109 countries is consistent with our theoretical predictions, namely the interaction term of government corruption and financial openness has a significant and negative impact on economic growth, implying that financial openness magnifies the negative effect of government corruption on economic growth. Our theoretical and empirical results contribute to the recent policy debates on the merits and demerits of capital account liberalization.
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